Windows runs a lot of software even when you're doing nothing at all. We'll dive into how to examine what's really running, and what to do with the information you glean.
Question: I’ve not run anything at all, but my computer’s working hard. Why? Is there stuff running I can’t see? How do I tell?
Yes, there’s stuff running that you can’t see. In recent versions of Windows, a downright amazing amount of stuff.
The good news is that there are ways to find out what’s running. The bad news is that it’s not always clear what to do about it.
Start in the taskbar notification area (with all icons always displayed) for a quick sense of some of the applications running in the background. Then, using Task Manager’s “Process” view, you can see a more complete list of applications currently running. The “Details” view lists every executable program running, and the “Services” view organizes those that represent Windows services into a more manageable list. Unfortunately, there’s no guideline for what should and should not be running, as it depends entirely on the software you run, the configuration of your machine, and the options you’ve selected.
I’ll start with a list of running apps you can see pretty easily, although we don’t always pay attention to it: the notification area.
First, make sure you’re seeing all the notification icons. If you see an upward pointing caret, you’re not.
Click the Start button and search for “Select which icons appear on the taskbar”. In the resulting settings page, make sure “Always show all icons in the notification area” is turned on.
Once you do that, you’ll see more icons appear in the notification area.
In my example, only three icons appear, but I’ve seen many machines where nearly a dozen icons or more would appear. My work machine has 23 as I type this.
Each icon represents at least one running program. The example above includes (from left to right):
I can’t tell you what should and should not be running here. It depends on what software you’ve chosen to install and run, the options you’ve specified, your machine’s configuration, and even its hardware. But this gives you quick visibility into some of the programs running on your computer even when you’re doing “nothing”.
To explore deeper, we need to run a different tool.
Right-click on the clock and click Task Manager.
The basic view displays programs that are open, and since we haven’t run anything, the list is pretty small.
Click More details.
This is a great place to start, since it tends to show programs by the name(s) you might recognize. Scroll through and you’ll see many familiar names — software you’ve installed, perhaps — and several unfamiliar items — components of Windows itself, or software specific to your hardware configuration, for example.
But we can dive deeper still. Click on the Details tab.
Here we cross into the realm of the geeky. It’s the list of every “executable” (.exe) program currently running on your machine.
Click the Services tab for a view that can help make sense of some of the detailed entries.
The Service view lists both running and non-running services. In the example above, I’ve clicked on the “Status” header to sort the list so that “Running” services are shown first.
Services are generally implemented by a single executable: “svchost.exe”. In the Details tab, you’ll see many copies of Service Host, as it’s known, running. The Services tab lets you see which services all those svchosts are running.
There are two additional tools you can use to display the same information we’ve shown above in slightly different ways. I find myself gravitating towards these tools because they’re more complete and more comfortable — for me at least.
Process Explorer is essentially a replacement for Task Manager.
While it may look more intimidating, it exposes more information than Task Manager, and that can be helpful in determining what each entry represents.
Once again, as compared to Task Manager, the Services console provides more information about the services running on your machine. (You’ll even see a link — “Open Services” — at the bottom of the Task Manager Services tab, which will also open this view.)
Programs, processes, services, executables … but what are they all?
Some will be obvious from their name. Others, not so much. The only real advice I can offer here is to search for the names you find listed in Task Manager, Process Explorer, or the Services console.
Important: many sites in the search results will imply that what you’ve searched for could be malware, and that they have a tool you should download and purchase to remove it. DO NOT BELIEVE THEM. Unless your security software has already told you they’re malware, they’re very unlikely to be malicious. It’s a scare tactic these sites use to sell you software you don’t need.
Look for sites that give clear explanations of what the software is, what it’s related to, and what it does for you. Generally, you’ll find it’s a component of Windows or a part of a software package you will recognize as having installed.
Much like the information we got from the notifications area, I can’t tell you what should and should not be running on your machine. It depends on what software you’ve chosen to install and run, the options you’ve specified, your machine’s configuration, and even its hardware.
The goal here is to help you identify what’s running so you can research it and make a decision for yourself on whether or not it’s something you want.
Most of the time, it is. When it isn’t, most of the time the solution is to uninstall the application you’ve decided you don’t need or want.
But exactly which ones those might be, only you can say.
How you close apps running in the background depends on what kind of app or application they are. Stopping applications you’re uncertain of can have negative side effects, so exercise caution. If they have a notification area icon, right-click on that and look for an “Exit” or “Close” option. If it’s a service, you can right-click on it listed in the Windows Service Manager and select Stop. In Windows 10, search the Settings app for “background apps” and turn off “Let apps run in the background.”
In short, yes: there are many apps that need to run in the background on your computer. The alternatives are not to run them at all — in which case you might lose important, perhaps even basic, functionality — or to have some form of on-screen component that you can interact with so as to not be running in the background. The latter would clutter your desktop with dozens of interfaces with little or no actual value.
There’s no hard-and-fast rule on whether you should close background apps. In general, they’re running for a reason, and only you can determine if that reason applies to you. If there’s software running on your machine that provides you with little value, uninstalling it completely would be a better alternative.
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